Why do it:

Water Source Heat Pumps use rivers, lakes, aquifers, or process water as a stable thermal reservoir to deliver highly efficient, low‑carbon heating and cooling. They provide consistent performance year‑round, reduce fuel costs and cut emissions.

Typical Savings:

• Efficiency (COP 4–5): 70–80% reduction in energy use compared to direct electric heating.

• Gas replacement: 30–50% savings compared to conventional gas boilers (depending on tariffs and system design).

• Carbon reduction: 50–70% lower emissions when powered by grid electricity, even greater with renewables.

• Cooling benefit: Can provide passive cooling at very low cost in summer.

• Total potential: 30–60% reduction in heating energy

Typical Costs:

• Rule of thumb: £1,000–£2,200 per kWth (UK industrial/commercial benchmark).

• Ongoing costs: £20–£40 per kWth per year (maintenance, & monitoring).